Understanding the Various Forms of Abuse

Emotional abuse involves patterns of behaviour that chip away at a person’s self-esteem and confidence. It can include constant criticism, manipulation, threats, and controlling behaviour.

Physical abuse includes any act of violence such as hitting, slapping, pushing, choking, or any other action that causes physical harm.

Sexual abuse involves any sexual activity without consent, including coercion, manipulation, or physical force.

Financial abuse includes controlling someone's access to money, restricting financial independence, or forcing them to be financially dependent.

Digital abuse involves using technology (phones, social media, GPS, etc.) to control, harass, or intimidate someone.

Coercive control refers to continuous patterns of behaviour that are intended to exert power or control over a survivor. These behaviours deprive survivors of their independence and can make them feel isolated or scared.

It might include isolating you from your family and friends, controlling what you eat, wear or do or preventing you from accessing support.

It is generally used to refer to crimes that have been committed by perpetrators who perceive they are protecting or defending the ‘honour’ of a family or community.

So-called ‘honour’-based violence may include forced marriage, domestic abuse, sexual violence, kidnapping, female genital mutilation, threats to kill or harm.